Fri Sep 08 2023

34 articles - From Friday Sep 01 2023 to Friday Sep 08 2023

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Guidelines

Guidelines and related publications, position statements, white papers, technical reviews, consensus statements, etc…


Meta-analysis

meta-analyses and systematic reviews

Am J Clin Nutr

The Weight-loss Effect of GLP-1RAs Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Non-diabetic Individuals with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

The present study provides conclusive evidence for the effect of GLP-1RAs on weight loss in a nonlinear dose-response manner in patients with obesity or overweight without diabetes. In terms of changes in BW, BMI, and WC, there is firm evidence for the overall weight-loss effects of GLP-1RAs. Of the GLP-1RAs, semaglutide might be the most effective agent.

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Vitamin D supplementation for improving bone density in vitamin D-deficient children and adolescents: systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Clinically important benefits for bone density from 1-y vitamin D supplementation in healthy children and adolescents, regardless of baseline vitamin D status, are unlikely. However, our findings are mostly generalizable to White postpubertal girls and do not apply to those with baseline 25(OH)D outside the studied range or with symptomatic vitamin D deficiency (e.g., rickets). This study was preregistered at PROSPERO as CRD42017068772.

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Inflamm Bowel Dis

Defining the Roles of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical Pharmacists in the United States: A Systematic Review and National RAND/UCLA Consensus.

This consensus defines IBD clinical pharmacists' roles and provides a framework for embedded clinical pharmacists in IBD care.

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Unveiling the Ghrelin and Obestatin Roles in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Assessing Their Pathogenic Implications and Biomarker Utility.

Our results demonstrate that IBD patients with active disease have higher levels of ghrelin, which needs to be confirmed in future studies. Also, the obestatin/ghrelin ratio might be a promising biomarker for the assessment of disease activity.

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Original articles

RCT, clinical trials, retrospective studies, etc…

Am J Clin Nutr

Associations of Dietary Sugar Types with Coronary Heart Disease Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Intakes of TGE, total sugar, added sugar, and fructose from added sugar and juice were associated with higher CHD risk, but TFE and fructose from fruits and vegetables were not.

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Diet-induced Weight Loss and Phenotypic Flexibility Among Healthy Overweight Adults: A Randomized Trial.

Application of dietary challenges increased sensitivity to detect metabolic response to weight loss intervention. Large interindividual variation was observed across a wide range of measurements allowing the identification of distinct responses to the weight loss intervention and mechanistic insight into the metabolic response to weight loss.

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Glutamate infusion reduces myocardial dysfunction after coronary artery bypass grafting according to NT-proBNP: summary of two randomized controlled trials (GLUTAMICS I-II).

Infusion of glutamate reduced postoperative rise in NT-proBNP after CABG in medium to high-risk patients. A significantly blunted effect was observed only in insulin-treated diabetes patients. Clinical trial registration

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Intraduodenal nutrient infusion differentially alters intestinal nutrient sensing, appetite, and satiety responses in lean and obese subjects.

Nutrient-induced gut hormone release and response to transient vagal blockade are significantly blunted in subjects with obesity.

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Inulin-type fructans and 2'fucosyllactose alter both microbial composition and appear to alleviate stress-induced mood state in a working population compared to placebo (maltodextrin): the EFFICAD Trial, a randomized, controlled trial.

The results of this study indicate that oligofructose and combination of oligofructose/2'fucosyllactose, can beneficially alter microbial composition along with improving mood state parameters. Future work is needed to understand key microbial differences separating individual responses to 2'fucosyllactose supplementation.

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Periconceptional intakes of methyl donors and other micronutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism may further reduce the risk of neural tube defects in offspring: a United States population-based case-control study of women meeting the folic acid recommendations.

Our findings support that NTD prevention, in the context of folic acid fortification, could be augmented with intakes of methyl donors and other micronutrients involved in folate metabolism.

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Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis Investigating Links Between Unprocessed Red Meat Intake and Markers of Inflammation.

Our analyses were unable to support a relationship between either processed or unprocessed red meat and inflammation, over and above any confounding by BMI. Glutamine, a plasma correlate of lower unprocessed red meat intake, was associated with lower CRP levels. The differences in diet-inflammation associations vs diet metabolite-inflammation associations warrants further investigation to understand the extent that these arise from (1) a reduction in measurement error with metabolite measures; (2) the extent that factors other than unprocessed red meat intake contribute to glutamine levels; (3) the ability of plasma metabolites to capture individual differences in how food intake is metabolized.

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Inflamm Bowel Dis

Gut Microbiota Composition in Long-Remission Ulcerative Colitis is Close to a Healthy Gut Microbiota.

Recovery may just reflect adequate control of inflammatory activity, but higher bacterial diversity or the presence of A. muciniphila in fecal samples predicts flare-free outcomes.

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Management of Perianal Fistulizing Crohn's Disease.

In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and medical management of perianal fistulizing CD. A brief overview of the surgical management of perianal fistulizing CD is also provided.

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Microbial and Metabolite Signatures of Stress Reactivity in Ulcerative Colitis Patients in Clinical Remission Predict Clinical Flare Risk.

High SR in UC is characterized by microbial signatures that predict clinical flare risk, suggesting that the microbiome may contribute to stress-induced UC flares.

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Multidisciplinary Inflammatory Bowel Disease Conference: The Impact of the Expert Pathologist on Patient Care.

The majority of diagnostic changes made at the multidisciplinary IBD conference were due to histopathologic re-interpretation. A change in diagnosis at times led to significant modifications in medical or surgical management. An expert gastrointestinal pathologist is an essential MDT member for IBD management.

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Relationship Between Rectal Swab and Tissue Samples in Mucosa-associated Microbiota in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Swab microbiota more closely resembled tissue microbiota relative to fecal microbiota, but there were still differences. Bowel preparation did not alter the overall swab microbiota in the short term but markedly changed the microbial composition in most patients.

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The Effectiveness and Safety of First-Line Thioguanine in Thiopurine-Naïve Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients.

At 12 months, first-line thioguanine therapy was clinically effective in 53% of thiopurine-naïve inflammatory bowel disease patients with an acceptable safety profile.

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J Crohns Colitis

Efficacy and safety of approximately 3 years of continuous ozanimod in moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: interim analysis of the True North open-label extension.

Among patients who achieved clinical response after 1 year of ozanimod treatment during True North, a high percentage sustained clinical and mucosal efficacy over 2 additional years in the OLE. No new safety signals were observed with long-term ozanimod use.

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The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease continues to increase in the Faroe Islands - a cohort study from 1960-2020.

The incidence of IBD continues to increase in the Faroe Islands, mainly driven by UC. The incidence presents with an uneven geographical distribution, which suggests an adverse interaction between unknown environmental factors and genetic traits. The prevalence in 2021 corresponded to 1.3% of the Faroese population suffering from IBD. Environmental risk factors are suspected to impact this homogenous high-risk population; however, the reason is unclear.

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Tofacitinib versus oral prednisolone for induction of remission in moderately active ulcerative colitis (ORCHID): A prospective, open-label, randomized, pilot study.

In patients with moderately active ulcerative colitis, there was no difference in the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib and oral prednisolone for induction of remission at 8 weeks.

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Liver Transpl

A model Including standardized weight improved predicting waiting list mortality in adolescent liver transplant candidates: A US national study.

MELD-TEEN could improve the accuracy of allocation of liver transplant among adolescents by incorporating weight z-score compared to MELD 3.0 and PELD-Na-Cr.

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Pancreatology

Development and external validation of a nomogram for prediction of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis.

We successfully developed a good predictive model for PEP. The prevention of PEP in high risk patients should be investigated further.

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Increased SLAMF7+CD8+ T cells are associated with the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune pancreatitis in mice.

Increased SLAMF7 + CD8 + T cells exhibit enhanced cytotoxicity and cytokines secretion capacity, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of AIP.

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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with acinar-to-ductal metaplasia-like cancer cells shows increased cellular proliferation.

These results indicated that acinar cells may act as the origin of human PDAC, and that their presence may be useful for the stratification of human PDAC to predict prognosis.

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Reviews&Editorials

Plenty of the editorials are available as full text through the publisher website using the provided link

Am J Clin Nutr

Beyond folic acid: can optimizing maternal status of other methyl donors contribute to further reducing the risk of neural tube defects?

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GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss in People without Type 2 Diabetes: What is the Current Evidence?

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Health Benefits of Vitamin D Supplementation: Time to Move the Spotlight Away from Bone Health in Vitamin D-replete Individuals?

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Reduced postabsorptive interoception of nutrients in obesity: cause or consequence?

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The role of nutrition in the prevention of sarcopenia.

In comparison, there is little evidence of benefits of higher intakes of individual nutrients in earlier adulthood for later muscle mass and function. While these gaps need to be addressed in future research, there may already be sufficient data to promote messages about diet quality more widely - that 'healthier' diets of higher quality across adulthood, with known benefits for a range of health outcomes, are also linked to effective preservation of muscle mass and function.

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Inflamm Bowel Dis

Think Again Before Resecting an Organ: Appendectomy or Endoscopic Retrograde Appendicitis Therapy?

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Miscellaneous

misc publications eg case reports, tools of the trade, images of the month, etc…

Inflamm Bowel Dis

Psychiatric Diagnoses, Medication, and Service Use Among Patients Who Receive Emergency Care for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

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Targeted Probiotics Against Bacterial-Fungal Biofilms: A New Concept Seems to Bring Us Closer to Microbiome-modulating Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

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Letters&Replies

Letters to the editors and authors’ replies

Am J Clin Nutr

Challenges in Formulating a Prenatal Dietary Supplement: A Perspective from Industry Scientists.

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Inflamm Bowel Dis

Reply: "Targeted Probiotics Against Bacterial-Fungal Biofilms: A New Concept Seems to Bring Us Closer to Microbiome-Modulating Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease".

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